The Internet of Things (IoT) is evolving into a decentralized, intelligent, and sustainable ecosystem driven by Edge/Fog Computing, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Digital Twin techn...

The Internet of Things (IoT) is undergoing a paradigm shift from merely connecting devices to enabling autonomous, intelligent entities, marking the dawn of the "Internet of Agents." With the rapid prolifera...

The Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly evolving into a pervasive ecosystem that underpins smart cities, industrial automation, healthcare, and countless other domains. As IoT networks scale and diversify, n...

Dear Colleagues, The rapid advancement of sensor technology has revolutionized human health management by enabling real-time monitoring, early disease detection, and personalized healthcare solutions. From wearable devices to implantable biosensors, these innovations are transforming medical diagnostics, treatment strategies, and preventive care. This Special Issue aims to bring together original research and review articles on the latest developments, applications, and challenges in advanced sensors for human health management. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following: Wearable or implantable sensors;; Flexible and stretchable electronics;; Wireless medical sensor networks;; Non-invasive/invasive health monitoring technology;; Smart healthcare systems;; Personalized medicine;; Artificial intelligence in health monitoring;; Multi-modal health sensing;; Physiological data analysis;; Automated diagnosis technology;; Disease diagnosis and treatment.; Dr. Ye TianProf. Dr. Emiliano SchenaProf. Dr. Panicos KyriacouDr. Matiar HowladerGuest Editors

The rapid growth of digital technologies has led to unprecedented volumes of data across domains such as energy, transport, industry, healthcare, and urban infrastructures. Harnessing these data streams effe...

Dear Colleagues, Special Issue on Visual Sensing Methods for 3D Object Detection, Tracking, and Quantification. There are many ways to define our relationship to the physical world around us, but a fundamental metric of interest in a variety of real-world applications is our position and the position of objects of interest in our vicinity. A variety of sensing mechanisms have been proposed, studied and developed for 3D perception, ranging from stereoscopic vision, ultrasonics, photogrammetry, structured light, lidar, time-of-flight, radar, and RGB-D systems. These methods exploit fundamental physical relationships and incorporate advances in electronics, algorithms, and computational platforms to enable better sensing of our world and the objects in it. The addition of machine learning methods to these fundamental physical methods has also introduced improvements to the methods, especially with respect to object detection, recognition and tracking, but should also quantify where measurements and data-driven estimates diverge. This Special Issue encompasses new ideas for visual sensors and their applications in 3D object detection and tracking. Topics include physical sensing methods; new algorithms for object recognition and position estimation in the physical world; implementations on mobile and computationally limited platforms; methods for the fusion of visual sensors with other modalities; and other related concepts. Accepted papers should include sensing that encompasses "visual" sensing but potentially encompassing non-visible light sensing and processing as well. Prof. Dr. Thomas P KarnowskiGuest Editor

Dear Colleagues, Following the success of the first edition of our Special Issue entitled “Sensors and Real Time Systems for IIoT” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors/special_issues/Sensors_Real_Time_IIoT), we again invite our colleagues from across the world to contribute their expertise, insights, and findings in the form of original research articles and reviews for the current Special Issue, entitled “Sensors and Real Time Systems for IIoT—Second Edition”. This Special Issue requests the submission of high-quality and original papers that aim to solve the open technical problems and challenges typical of real-time systems based on intelligent sensors used for IIoT. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to the following: New trends in real-time systems, intelligent sensors, and IIoT;; New paradigms, concepts, and architectures;; Sensor networks and smart computing;; Heterogeneous IIoT networks;; Cellular IoT technologies (NB-IoT, LTE Cat-M1);; Middleware, architectures, and protocols for IIoT;; 5G for IIoT;; LPWAN for IIoT (Sigfox, LoRa, NB-FI, etc.);; Fog/edge computing for IIoT;; Fieldbuses and IIoT;; Intelligent IIoT management and networking services;; Trustworthiness, security, and privacy for IIoT;; Real-time systems for IIoT;; Intelligent sensors for IIoT;; Applications and examples of use.; Dr. Nicoleta Cristina GaitanDr. Carlos Alberto AstudilloGuest Editors Andrea SabbioniGuest Editor?Assistant

Dear Colleagues, The Internet of Things (IoT) is extensively utilized in various sectors, including smart residences and intelligent urban areas. However, the connection between IoT sensors and cloud servers via wireless technology can lead to security and privacy risks, with the large volume of data sent over networks making the IoT vulnerable to cyberattacks. It is thus essential to protect data, especially sensitive and personal data. This Special Issue seeks contributions that address the security and privacy issues present in the IoT-driven smart environment. We seek practical and scalable methods that enhance our comprehension of IoT vulnerabilities and provide efficient countermeasures. The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to, the following topics: Security and privacy concerns in various IoT applications such as smart cities, homes, transportation, healthcare, industry, agriculture, and more.; Strong security frameworks, protocols, and methods for IoT systems, such as authentication, authorization, access control, intrusion detection, secure communication, and advanced cryptographic methods.; Technologies that protect privacy in IoT systems.; Security protocols for embedded IoT devices: Covering malware prevention, safeguarding firmware, strengthening the operating system, developing secure software, and ensuring reliable updates.; Assessing IoT security measures such as threat analysis, security needs, validation, testing, and ethical hacking.; Case studies showing the effective application of security and privacy measures in smart environments based on IoT.; Dr. Tuan Nguyen GiaDr. Gurjot Singh GabaGuest Editors

Dear Colleagues, We are pleased to invite you to contribute to an upcoming Special Issue ofSensors, which will focus on recent advances and applications of optical and spectral sensing technologies for the detection, monitoring, and characterization of biological and agricultural products. With the increasing automation of the food and agriculture sectors, there is a growing demand for reliable quality control systems and continuous monitoring tools to ensure safety, efficiency, and sustainability throughout the food supply chain. As a result, precise, non-destructive, and real-time analytical methods based on optical and spectral sensors have become essential for assessing product quality, safety, and environmental conditions. In addition to traditional analytical techniques, this Special Issue will place particular emphasis on modern data-driven methods—especially those leveraging machine learning—for the processing, interpretation, and optimization of spectral data. We welcome original research articles, comprehensive reviews, and application-oriented studies that integrate both classical and computational approaches. Topics of Interest include (but are not limited to) the following: Optical and spectral sensors for biological and agricultural product analysis;; Infrared, Raman, and fluorescence spectroscopy applications;; Imaging and hyperspectral sensing systems;; Machine learning and AI-based spectral data analysis;; Non-destructive quality and safety assessment;; Portable and real-time optical sensing devices;; Data fusion and multimodal sensing approaches;; Sensor calibration, validation, and uncertainty estimation.; We believe that this Special Issue will provide a valuable platform for exchanging the latest scientific insights and technological innovations, while fostering collaboration among researchers and professionals in optics, spectroscopy, data science, and agricultural technology. We warmly invite you to submit your contributions and join us in advancing research in this dynamic and rapidly evolving field. Dr. Pawel MarcDr. Anna Paku?aDr. S?awomir Pa?koDr. Olimpia KursaGuest Editors

Dear Colleagues, The use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques has been highlighted as a promising approach for processing IoT data and optimizing resource utilization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and represents one of the most advanced analytical techniques currently in use. The IoT and WSNs generate a large volume of data from various sources such as environmental sensors, smart appliances, industrial equipment, and wearable devices. ML algorithms help to process and analyze these data in order to extract meaningful insights, detect patterns, and make predictions. The topics of interest within this Special Issue include, but are not limited to: Predictive maintenance;; Anomaly detection;; Sensor fusion;; Energy optimization;; Tiny Machine Learning;; Data-driven model optimization;; Model pruning, quantization, and compression;; Interpretation and decision-making;; Smart cities and urban analytics;; Security and Privacy.; Dr. Emanuele LattanziDr. Chiara ContoliGuest Editors